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Installing Debian GNU/Linux 3.0 For Motorola 680x0
Chapter 2 - System Requirements


This section contains information about what hardware you need to get started with Debian. You will also find links to further information about hardware supported by GNU and Linux.


2.1 Supported Hardware

Debian does not impose hardware requirements beyond the requirements of the Linux kernel and the GNU tool-sets. Therefore, any architecture or platform to which the Linux kernel, libc, gcc, etc. have been ported, and for which a Debian port exists, can run Debian. Please refer to the Ports pages at http://www.debian.org/ports/m68k/ for more details on m68k architecture systems which have been tested with Debian.

Rather than attempting to describe all the different hardware configurations which are supported for Motorola 680x0, this section contains general information and pointers to where additional information can be found.


2.1.1 Supported Architectures

Debian 3.0 supports eleven major architectures and several variations of each architecture known as 'flavors'.

     Architecture         | Debian Designation / Flavor 
     ---------------------+----------------------------
     Intel x86-based      | i386
                          |   - vanilla
                          |   - idepci
                          |   - compact
                          |   - bf2.4 (experimental)
                          | 
     Motorola 680x0:      | m68k
       - Atari            |   - atari
       - Amiga            |   - amiga
       - 68k Macintosh    |   - mac
       - VME              |   - bvme6000
                          |   - mvme147
                          |   - mvme16x
                          | 
     DEC Alpha            | alpha
                          |   - generic
                          |   - jensen
                          |   - nautilus
                          | 
     Sun SPARC            | sparc
                          |   - sun4cdm
                          |   - sun4u
                          |   
     ARM and StrongARM    | arm
                          |   - netwinder
                          |   - riscpc
                          |   - shark
                          |   - lart
                          | 
     IBM/Motorola PowerPC | powerpc
       - CHRP             |   - chrp
       - PowerMac         |   - powermac, new-powermac
       - PReP             |   - prep
       - APUS             |   - apus
                          | 
     HP PA-RISC           | hppa
       - PA-RISC 1.1      |   - 32
       - PA-RISC 2.0      |   - 64
                          |
     Intel ia64-based     | ia64
                          |
     MIPS (big endian)    | mips
       - SGI Indy/I2      |  - r4k-ip22
                          | 
     MIPS (little endian) | mipsel
       - DEC Decstation   |  - r4k-kn04
                          |  - r3k-kn02
                          | 
     IBM S/390            | s390
                          |  - tape
                          |  - vmrdr
                          |
     ---------------------+----------------------------

This document covers installation for the m68k architecture. If you are looking for information on any of the other Debian-supported architectures take a look at the Debian-Ports pages.


2.1.2 CPU, Main Boards, and Video Support

Complete information concerning supported M68000 based (m68k) systems can be found at the Linux/m68k FAQ. This section merely outlines the basics.

The m68k port of Linux runs on any 680x0 with a PMMU (Paged Memory Management Unit) and a FPU (floating-point unit). This includes the 68020 with an external 68851 PMMU, the 68030, and better, and excludes the ``EC'' line of 680x0 processors. See the Linux/m68k FAQ for complete details.

There are four major flavors of supported m68k flavors: Amiga, Atari, Macintosh and VME machines. Amiga and Atari were the first two systems to which Linux was ported; in keeping, they are also the two most well-supported Debian ports. The Macintosh line is supported incompletely, both by Debian and by the Linux kernel; see Linux m68k for Macintosh for project status and supported hardware. The BVM and Motorola single board VMEbus computers are the most recent addition to the list of machines supported by Debian. Ports to other m68k architectures, such as the Sun3 architecture and NeXT black box, are underway but not yet supported by Debian.


2.1.2.1 Graphics Card

Debian's support for graphical interfaces is determined by the underlying support found in XFree86's X11 system. The newer AGP video slots are actually a modification on the PCI specification, and most AGP video cards work under XFree86. Details on supported graphics buses, cards, monitors, and pointing devices can be found at http://www.xfree86.org/. Debian 3.0 ships with X11 revision 4.1.0.


2.2 Installation Media

In many cases, you'll have to do your first boot from floppy disks, using the rescue floppy. Generally, all you will need is a high-density (1440 kilobytes) 3.5 inch floppy drive. Double-density installation floppy images (720 k) are also provided for Ataris.

CD-ROM based installation is supported for some architectures. On machines which support bootable CD-ROMs, you should be able to do a completely floppy-less installation. Even if your system doesn't support booting from a CD-ROM, you can use the CD-ROM in conjunction with the other techniques to install your system, once you've booted up by other means; see Booting from a CD-ROM, Section 5.2.

Installation system booting from a hard disk is another option for many architectures. In fact, installation from your local disk is the preferred installation technique for most m68k machines.

You can also boot your system over the network. Diskless installation, using network booting from a local area network and NFS-mounting of all local filesystems, is another option — you'll probably need at least 16MB of RAM for a diskless installation. After the operating system kernel is installed, you can install the rest of your system via any sort of network connection (including PPP after installation of the base system), via FTP, HTTP, or NFS.


2.2.1 Supported Storage Systems

The Debian boot disks contain a kernel which is built to maximize the number of systems it runs on. Unfortunately, this makes for a larger kernel, which includes many drivers that won't be used for your machine (see Compiling a New Kernel, Section 9.5 to learn how to build your own kernel). Support for the widest possible range of devices is desirable in general, to ensure that Debian can be installed on the widest array of hardware.

Pretty much all storage systems supported by the Linux kernel are supported by the Debian installation system. Note that the current Linux kernel does not support floppies on the Macintosh at all, and the Debian installation system doesn't support floppies for Amigas. Also supported on the Atari is the Macintosh HFS system, and AFFS as a module. Macs support the Atari (FAT) file system. Amigas support the FAT file system, and HFS as a module.


2.3 Memory and Disk Space Requirements

You must have at least 12MB of memory and 110MB of hard disk space. For a minimal console-based system (all standard packages), 250MB is required. If you want to install a reasonable amount of software, including the X Window System, and some development programs and libraries, you'll need at least 400MB. For a more or less complete installation, you'll need around 800MB. To install everything available in Debian, you'll probably need around 2 GB. Actually, installing everything doesn't even make sense, since some packages conflict with others.

On the Amiga the size of FastRAM is relevant towards the total memory requirements. Also, using Zorro cards with 16-bit RAM is not supported; you'll need 32-bit RAM. The amiboot program can be used to disable 16-bit RAM; see the Linux/m68k FAQ. Recent kernels should disable 16-bit RAM automatically.

On the Atari, both ST-RAM and Fast RAM (TT-RAM) are used by Linux. Many users have reported problems running the kernel itself in Fast RAM, so the Atari bootstrap will place the kernel in ST-RAM. The minimum requirement for ST-RAM is 2 MB.

On the Macintosh, care should be taken on machines with RAM-based video (RBV). The RAM segment at physical address 0 is used as screen memory, making the default load position for the kernel unavailable. The alternate RAM segment used for kernel and RAMdisk must be at least 4 MB.

FIXME: is this still true?


2.4 Network Connectivity Hardware

Any network interface card (NIC) supported by the Linux kernel should also be supported by the boot disks. You may need to load your network driver as a module. Again, see Linux/m68k FAQ for complete details.


2.5 Peripherals and Other Hardware

Linux supports a large variety of hardware devices such as mice, printers, scanners, PCMCIA and USB devices. However, most of these devices are not required while installing the system. This section contains information about peripherals specifically not supported by the installation system, even though they may be supported by Linux.


2.6 Purchasing Hardware Specifically for GNU/Linux

There are several vendors, who ship systems with Debian or other distributions of GNU/Linux pre-installed. You might pay more for the privilege, but it does buy a level of peace of mind, since you can be sure that the hardware is well-supported by GNU/Linux. Unfortunately, it's quite rare to find any vendor shipping new Motorola 680x0 machines at all.

Whether or not you are purchasing a system with Linux bundled, or even a used system, it is still important to check that your hardware is supported by the Linux kernel. Check if your hardware is listed in the references found above. Let your salesperson (if any) know that you're shopping for a Linux system. Support Linux-friendly hardware vendors.


2.6.1 Avoid Proprietary or Closed Hardware

Some hardware manufacturers simply won't tell us how to write drivers for their hardware. Others won't allow us access to the documentation without a non-disclosure agreement that would prevent us from releasing the Linux source code. Another example is the proprietary hardware in the older Macintosh line. In fact, no specifications or documentation have ever been released for any Macintosh hardware, most notably the ADB controller (used by the mouse and keyboard), the floppy controller, and all acceleration and CLUT manipulation of the video hardware (though we do now support CLUT manipulation on nearly all internal video chips). In a nutshell, this explains why the Macintosh Linux port lags behind other Linux ports.

Since we haven't been granted access to the documentation on these devices, they simply won't work under Linux. You can help by asking the manufacturers of such hardware to release the documentation. If enough people ask, they will realize that the free software community is an important market.


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Installing Debian GNU/Linux 3.0 For Motorola 680x0

version 3.0.23, 16 May, 2002
Bruce Perens
Sven Rudolph
Igor Grobman
James Treacy
Adam Di Carlo